Cardiovascular surgery is a surgical procedure performed by surgeons specialized in this field to the heart and four major vessels. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in the world and Turkey is located between. With advances in medicine, these diseases can now be diagnosed early on anyone who regularly checks. If you are suffering from cardiovascular diseases requiring surgical treatment, you can have your examinations and treatment accompanied by specialist doctors in the departments of cardiovascular surgery of health institutions.
The hospitals’ experienced cardiac anesthesia team and intensive care units equipped with advanced life support devices contribute significantly to the success rate of the surgeries and enable patients to have a more comfortable postoperative period.
Applications in the cardiovascular surgery department
CGM TEST
CGM Test or cardiogoniometry is a computer-aided test that offers the opportunity to measure the three-dimensional electrical activity of the heart and vessels leading to the heart. In the method known as 3D-ECG, with the help of 5 electrodes connected to the chest and back, the patient is done in a short time such as 4-5 minutes while resting. Patients are not exposed to radiation or any other chemicals during application. With this test, it is possible to predict the risk of heart attack faster than classical ECG.
ABI TEST
The ABI test is a measurement method used primarily in the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease. It consists of the initials of the words ankle-brachial index in English and can be translated into Turkish as “ankle-arm index”. In peripheral artery disease, there is a narrowing of the arteries feeding the arms or legs and thus circulatory disorders in the affected limbs. ABI test is done by connecting the blood pressure cuff to the arms and legs. However, doppler sonography is used to measure pressure values instead of a stethoscope. Doppler sonography is a procedure that is part of ultrasound examinations, where the blood flow in the arteries can be determined and made visible or audible.
Angioma from the wrist
In the past, almost every heart catheterization was performed through the arteries located in the right or left groin called femoral arteries. But now the wrist began to be preferred. Because, unlike the inguinal vein of the wrist, the wrist is very close to the surface of the skin and can be easily found even in obese patients and bleeding control is easier in this vein. For angioma from the wrist, the processing area is numbed with local anesthesia. A small incision is opened and the vein is entered and the procedure is required.
CORONARY Angiography
The process of imaging the vessels that feed the heart and give coronary arteries by giving dyed fluid is called coronary angiography. The procedure is performed by entering with the help of special catheters from the groin or wrist vessels.
KORONER BY-PASS
When there is a narrowing or congestion in the coronary vessels feeding the heart, the heart cannot be fed enough. If the blood flow in the vessels drops below a certain level, a heart attack occurs and the heart muscle is damaged. To prevent heart muscle damage, open heart surgery and a procedure called coronary bypass are applied to the related vein. Bypass procedure is applied by connecting the vein taken from another part of the body to the occluded vein in the form of a bridge.
HEART CAP (AORT, MITRAL, TRICUSPIT AND PULMONARY) REPAIR AND REPLACEMENT OPERATIONS
In case of failure or stenosis in the heart valves, repair or replacement operations may be required on the relevant valve. Biological heart valves obtained from artificial or animals are used in the exchange process. Artificial valves are more durable but require lifetime anticoagulant medication as they can cause clotting. These drugs can create a bleeding risk. Medication is not required for biological lids, but the lifespan of the lids is shorter and needs to be replaced with a new surgery after 7-8 years.
HEART COVER SURGERY
These are surgical procedures applied to the valves located between the heart chambers. Heart valve surgery is performed under general anesthesia by cardiovascular surgeons. It is a difficult operation and is performed by opening the rib cage. During surgery, the damaged heart valve is repaired or replaced.
AORT ANEURYSM SURGERY (ASEN, ARCUS AORT ANEURYSM REPAIRS)
Aorta is the main artery that comes out of the heart and distributes clean blood to the body. All of the blood going to the body is pumped through the heart through this vein. The part where the aorta exits from the heart is called an ascending aorta and the part where it curves immediately afterwards is called an aortic arch. In these areas of the aortic vessel, abnormal enlargements in the form of sacs called aneurysms are common. The aneurysms need to be treated surgically due to the risk of tearing.
LEFT VENTRICULAR ANEURYSM REPAIRS
Left Ventricular Aneurysm is a balloon-shaped incision in one part of the left ventricular muscle, the lower left chamber of the heart. The sacred heart muscle cannot contract and cannot contribute to the pumping function of the heart. Also, a clot can form here and the rhythm in the heart disorders can be seen. Left ventricular aneurysm repairs are performed with different surgical techniques depending on the size and feature of the aneurysm.
VASCULAR FOR BY-PASS WITH SMALL CUTS
Coronary vessels (vessels supplying the heart) that cannot be opened using treatment methods such as stents and balloons are treated with a method called bypass. In the bypass method, veins taken from other body parts such as the arm and leg of the person are used. In classical vascularization, large incisions should be made on the arms and legs of the person. However, it is possible to remove veins with the help of small incisions with the endoscopic method. With the endoscopic method, the scar is smaller and the healing process is faster.
HEART OPERATIONS WITH SMALL CUTS
With the advances in medicine, heart surgeries can be performed today through small incisions opening to the invisible parts of the body. This type of surgery is called minimally invasive surgery. In classical open heart surgeries, the sternum called the sternum is cut, which can cause many negative complications. In surgery performed with small incisions, negative effects are less because this bone is not cut. Since the incision wounds are small, recovery and return to daily life are faster.
REMOVAL OF HEART TUMORS
Heart tumors are benign or malignant mass structures originating from the heart or leaping from organs outside the heart. The most common benign heart tumor in adults is myxoma, and the benign heart tumor is angiosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.Surgical treatment of these is done by removing the tumoral tissue by surgery. In addition to the classical method, the surgical procedure is also performed through small incisions made under the breast, called minimally invasive surgery.
KVC PERIPHERIC VASCULAR SURGERY
Peripheral artery is the name given to arteries that nourish all other tissues and organs in the body except the heart and brain. Peripheral vascular diseases are diseases caused by stenosis or obstruction in these vessels and are generally used for leg vein disease. Surgical methods called peripheral bypass or endarterectomy are used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. In bypass surgery, blood flow is restored by bridging the vein taken from other parts of the body or by using an artificial vein. In endarterectomy, the plaque layer that causes clogging of the related vessel is cleaned.
MINIMAL INVASIVE HEART-VASCULAR SURGERY
Minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery is the method of surgery performed using small incisions, causing the least damage to the patient, tiring the heart the least and healing the patient the fastest. In minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery, it is aimed to reduce trauma, blood loss, post-operative pain, recovery time, risk of infection and a better cosmetic appearance.